TQM || Definition, Components, Elements, Advantages, Tools used in TQM , philosophies of TQM

 

TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT(TQM)

Definition of TQM

  • Today, TQM has evolved greatly from those initial days, and every day, there is some or the other innovation being added to the term.
  • TQM is defined in several ways, such as:

“TQM is a management system and philosophy that strives towards constant organizational improvement in order to achieve excellence and ensure customer satisfaction and loyalty.”

  • TQM is the ongoing process of identifying, minimizing, and eventually eliminating manufacturing defects, optimizing the supply chain management process, enhancing the customer experience, and ensuring that staff are properly trained.
  • The TQM strategy uses a set of management and quality tools in an effort to both improve business and decrease loss brought on by faulty practices'.
  • It has been widely utilized in many production and service industries due to its high adaptability.

The main components of TQM include:

  • Focus on consumer
  • Analysis of process
  • Work in quality teams
  • Systematic analysis of problems
  • Implement planned changes and evaluate results
  • Use data to identify problems and solutions
  • Implement changes

KEY ELEMENTS OF TQM

There are eight key elements on which an organization must focus to implement TQM with success:


These eight elements are further clubbed into four groups as follows, based on their function:


1. Foundation:

A foundation built on ethics, honesty, and trust makes it easier to create an environment where everyone in the organization may participate in decision-making.

Ethics examines the good and bad in a situation from both an individual and an organizational perspective.

Integrity is the frankness with which one sticks to the truth.

The third component of the "foundation" is trust, which develops when ethics are upheld with integrity and fosters a cooperative environment.

2. Building Bricks:

Employees must receive training in problem-solving and proper performance of their tasks.

They must also receive social interaction training in order to improve teamwork inside the workplace.

However, a team is only as good as its leader, who must provide motivating guidance and demonstrate a commitment to TQM on a regular basis.

3. Binding Mortar:

Communication, which refers to a shared interpretation of the message by the sender and recipient, is the thread that connects all of the TQM components.

The effectiveness of TQM depends on open communication among employees as well as with vendors and consumers.

4. Roof:

The third component of TQM is acknowledging each individual's or team's contributions inside an organization.

When employees are recognized, their self-esteem soars and they become more driven, which in turn improves their productivity and the caliber of the job they produce.

Advantages of TQM:

  • Innovation in processes
  • Greater productivity
  • Reduced defects in product
  • Increased customer satisfaction
  • Higher profitability and reduced costs
  • Higher employee morale.
  • Better adaptability to changing market conditions
  • Increased competitiveness

Tools used in TQM

Tool

Purpose

Cause and effect diagram/ Fishbone diagram

Identify and analyze causes of a problem

Checklists

Gathering of data

Flowcharts

Document detailed steps of a process

Scatter diagrams

Relation between two variables

Control charts

Identify variations in process

Histograms

Graphical display of frequency distribution of data

Pareto analysis

Degree of importance of each element

 Philosophies of TQM

Several quality experts have given their viewpoints on how to achieve quality:

  • Walter A. Shewhart- understanding variability, concept of statistical control charts.
  • W. Edwards Deming- managements responsibility for quality, 14 points for quality improvement.
  • Joseph M. Juran- concept of quality cost, quality trilogy (quality planning, quality control, quality improvement)
  • Armand E. Feigenbaum- total quality control
  • Philip B. Crosby- concept of zero defects, do it right the first time.
  • Kaoru- concept of internal customer, quality circles.
  • Genichi Taguchi- concept of product design quality, developed Taguchi loss function.

 





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